by Ihor Magun, MD, FACP
Emotions, by definition, are conscious mental reactions subjectively experienced as a strong feeling usually directed toward a specific object and typically accompanied by physiological and behavioral changes in the body. Emotions play a significant part in our behavior and in our lives. They are not just feelings, but the meaning we take from a given situation. Over the decades, psychologists have identified different types of emotions, but these have been narrowed down to six: happiness, sadness, fear, anger, surprise, and disgust. We will focus on the four most significant emotions.
It should come as no surprise that the emotion most humans tend to strive for is happiness, which is typically expressed not only in an upbeat tone of voice, but also in body language - most typically, a smile and a relaxed stance. What actually contributes to happiness is quite complex and very individualized. The take-home message on the happiness emotion, supported by copious research, is that this emotion is linked to increased longevity, better health outcomes, and increased marital satisfaction.
Anger is also a very powerful emotion, one that evokes a "flight or fight" response. Thus, this emotion can be positive motivator to address an issue and take action, or it can be harmful and lead to aggression, abuse or even violence. Anger can also promote elevated blood pressure, has been directly linked to heart disease, and can lead to addictive behavior: alcohol, drugs, or smoking.
Sadness can have many presentations. It can be seen as a loss of interest in things we have once enjoyed doing. It can also lead to a feeling of hopelessness and disappointment and promote withdrawal from family and friends. Prolonged periods of sadness can lead to depression.
Fear is a response to a threat. This can stem from a potential physical danger, but it can also be a response to facing a new and unfamiliar situation, manifesting itself as fear of failure, whether it involves a social situation or a new job. Frequent episodes of the latter can also lead to anxiety and social isolation.
It is important to underscore that emotions are not just a form of our "mental state" but work as propellers that drive us in many ways. Recognizing what you are feeling and why can make a difference in how you act and react to life circumstances. Part of this process of recognitions is to remind yourself that we are all humans and our emotions are central to what makes us special. Channeling these emotions in a positive direction generally results in personal well-being with positive outcomes. Begin by taking an inventory of your emotions and where you stand. This awareness and understanding can lead to better personal happiness, better work performance, calmness, clarity of mind, better health, resilience, and more satisfying relationships.
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